or approval of any product or service to the exclusion of others that
large amounts of erosion as a new stream channel is cut. USDA/USDI Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management. U.S. Geological Survey Professional
Recent surveys of the effects of large floods in the Pacific Northwest (Furniss
discusses the physical effects of diversion potential, and provides design
in the Redwood Creek Basin, Northwestern California. fill and flow down the road rather than flow directly over the road fill
should contact USDA’s
Two approaches
roads to avoid diversion potential is straightforward, and remediating existing
Rental units can also provide back-up protection during routine maintenance of pumps on the diversion project. persistently rediverted toward the stream channel. Crossings to Avoid Stream Diversion Potential
shelter, spawning gravel, suitable water quality, and access for upstream
dip as an open channel and uses the slope-area method to determine the discharge
Capacity and Consequences Must be Evaluated Separately
and cooperating Federal and State agencies. Diversion potential
Water diversion Diverting water permanently or temporarily for construction purposes, e.g., in river or stream beds, to install sediment control, stormwater devices or when realigning a waterway, can significantly affect the natural character of a waterway and the surrounding habitat. 1991. of Diversion Potential
Losing productivity at your water or wastewater treatment facility is unthinkable. and Aquatic Habitat in the Redwood Creek Basin, Northwestern California. of Flow to Adjacent Watersheds and/or Drainage Structures Cascading
C. S. Yee. on all of these components. With a broad portfolio of pump sizes and flow rates, Xylem can take on streams of almost any size. In many cases, the solution is to construct a structure that will intercept
On low standard roads, a short, abrupt change in grade as a result of a diversion
Godwin Heidra pumps - reliable hydraulic submersible pumps. Subtle slopes may control the routing of
of a New Stream Channel, Initiation
Inventory data of 1,992 road-stream crossings on federally managed lands in
dips on low standard roads in Redwood National Park to eliminate diversion potential
Our proven 24/7 service means we understand the urgency of your projects, whenever and wherever your needs occur. 95 percent of the total volume of gully erosion was attributable to stream diversions
exist for calculating DPD hydraulic capacity. of Road-Stream Crossing Diversion Potential, Designing
may be suitable. and loss of riparian habitats. Placement
This paper examines the last determinant, the flowpath of overflowing water
Consequences
snow such that stream diversion will not occur. age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or
cross drains, can easily suffer capacity exceedance when diverted streamflow
56 percent will divert stream flows out of the channel and down the road or
Un soir, il … These include alterations of the channel pattern
Road-stream crossing failures have direct impacts
of Diversion Potential, Inventory
suitable stream habitat to support both juvenile and adult life stages. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, its contractors,
information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) consequences of capacity exceedance—what erosion and sedimentation
Roads should be located, designed, and maintained with full consideration of
much greater overall risks than those without diversion potential. constructing roads with diversion potential (e.g., USDI and USDA 1994). the crossing pond water and overtop. Weaver, W. E., D. K. Hagans, and
For large streams, a temporary diversion may consist of berms or coffer dams constructed within the stream to feature that allows for diversion at the road crossing has not been treated. To file a complaint
One specific example involves anadromous salmonids,
States
erosion and road construction in the sediment budget of Garret Creek, Humboldt
This can involve
A sediment budget in the Garret Creek watershed in northern
K. M. Nolan, H. M.
Redwood Creek basin of northwest California, Weaver et al. risk. first. For very steep road grades, where a rolling dip
Stream diversions usually do not correct themselves or “heal.” Where
dip will generally be more acceptable than on higher standard roads where grade
Copyright 2020 Xylem. enlarged as the flows scour a larger cross section (figure 5). Hafterson, H. D. 1973. A stream crossing has diversion potential if, when stream crossing capacity is exceeded (i.e., the culvert plugs), the stream would back up behind the fill and flow down the road rather than flow directly over the road fill and back into the natural channel (Weaver and Hagans 1994). The DPD must be designed to accommodate the entire design flow for the crossing
In some cases this will involve designing a short diversion
interpreted to be adequate to mitigate diversion potential even though the physical
Xylem's support is unchallenged in the market place. source of fluvial erosion. Where diverted water runs down the road or ditch and then onto a natural slope,
Whether you need spare parts, rental products, factory-backed warranty evaluations, or product training, you can count on us. of Road Fill Failures
include: Standard
1994. Treating the consequences of failure by eliminating diversion potential
Important features of diversion potential
Typically, diversion applications are processed within twenty-four (24) hours of receipt. habitats. A rolling dip, or simple
or with specialized structures designed for particular sites. When you work with Xylem you have easy access to specialists with the expertise required to design and specify your engineering project. family status. potential will typically take less than 5 minutes per crossing. Eliminating diversion potential
Where roads climb through small streams, rolling the grade (i.e., designing
out of the channel (Fred Swanson, personal communication). be located such that the road grade rises away from the crossing at each approach. composition, and stability of slopes adjacent to the channels. consequences of exceedance are minimized. In preparation. and downstream migration. Consequences of Stream Channel Diversion by Road Drainage Structures, Incision
Criteria for this will
stable ground before reentering the natural channel will be necessary. Weaver, W. and D.K. of the streamflows, and the length of time the diversion is allowed to persist. Persons
The process, if unchecked,
persistent water quality impacts. streams. A stream crossing has diversion potential if, when stream crossing capacity
Recognizing diversion potential during field inventory is relatively simple. 1994. Godwin pumps prime and re-prime automatically from dry. streams by road-stream crossings has been identified as a long-term source of
these regulations often do not explicitly address cross drains. depends on the degree of exceedance, crossing fill volume, fill characteristics,
Inventory
8). In almost all cases, diversion will create
streams from their channel if the capacity of the crossing structure is
In fact, the Forest Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 requires such stipulations. treatments to prevent stream diversion are straightforward and usually inexpensive. Cascading failures often increase in magnitude with distance from the initial
et al., in preparation, Chris Park, personal communication) found that stream
“Dip
In steep terrain
pp. A simple assessment of diversion
On higher standard roads,
Diversion of
Design
crossings to large flood events in Pacific Northwest.”. diversion potential (Best et al. can be shunted down the road even though the road was configured to avoid
A broad line of fully automatic self-priming pumps used in dewatering applications. consequences extending far down the basin. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) caused by accumulations of snow and ice on the road that will direct overflow
Here, diversion potential is expressed as the
Redwood Creek basin, northwestern California.” In: Geomorphic Processes
and Old-Growth Forest Related Species Within the Range of the Northern Spotted
Could not complete your request right now. Dips should be placed just downslope of the crossing. Mendocino County resource conservation
diversion. roads are abandoned or infrequently visited or maintained, stream diversions
Diversion Potential
of the Ditchline
Stream diversion can also be
For very small stream crossings and for cross drains, a waterbar may suffice. Your success is our success. “Role of fluvial hillslope
exceeding the capacity of stream crossings in wildland environments usually
The skew angle of the dip is key
Whether you need spare parts, rental products, factory-backed warranty evaluations, or product training, you can count on us. of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room
Crossing
Effects
are likely to occur upon exceedance. U.S. Government Printing Office: 1994-589-111. is exceeded (i.e., the culvert plugs), the stream would back up behind the
are installed in a shallow fill, locating the dip directly over the crossing
crossings are deposited directly into stream habitats and can have both
3, Applications of Hydraulics. at Road-Stream Crossings
Road-stream crossings with diversion potential typically pose
at cross drains is similar to stream crossings (figure 7b). potential erosional consequences of failure as well. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names
For low standard forest and rangeland roads, where grades are less than 5 percent,
Decision—Standards and Guidelines for Management of Habitat for Late-Successional
such as where roads maintain a steady, climbing grade, adjacent cross drains
at least one direction (figure 1). Downslope road drainage structures, including
Crossings to Avoid Stream Diversion Potential, Remediating
All Rights Reserved. at road-stream crossings is typically inexpensive and straightforward. probability to fail. of peak discharge at dams by indirect methods.” In: Techniques of
structure. This is important for
to aquatic and riparian habitats. S. A. Flanagan, and Jill Ory. avoiding debris flows that may fill in the dip and cause diversion. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19. pp. operations need to consider this potential effect and configure removed
However,
Sidecast fill failures are a common consequence of diversion. overtopping flows in their natural channel, large erosional and depositional
given dip slope, dip cross sectional area, and an estimate of Manning’s
the consequences of design flow exceedance. in determining hydraulic capacity. 161 pp. considerations for remediation of existing crossings that have diversion
district. Please try again later. Remediating
Diversion potential is more likely to occur on insloped roads than outsloped
County, California.” In: Geomorphic Processes and Aquatic Habitat
297-324. Rarely can roads be designed and built that have no negative impacts on
Existing Stream Diversion Potential, Design
These landslides can initiate debris torrents and have
is not feasible, rolling the cross-slope out to lead water off at or near the
low fills also cannot accommodate a dip constructed over the crossing. “Measurement
Crossings can be configured to address this problem chiefly by
and back into the natural channel (Weaver and Hagans 1994). In such instances, streamflow
Under some conditions enlargement of the channels receiving
of Flow to Adjacent Watersheds and/or Drainage Structures – Cascading
failure as additional water, sediment, and debris are added to the flow and
Furniss, M. J., T. Ledwith, M. Love,
Considerations for Diversion Prevention Dips
is Stream Diversion Potential? in this document has been developed for the guidance of employees of the
Greater road grades require either
Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey: Book
unnecessarily large potential erosional consequence. Smith, Becca. 1995. In evaluating risks to water quality and aquatic and riparian resources,
are more concerned about the consequences. In some cases, a short diversion to route diverted flows onto
All of these
that breach the fill but remain in the channel. overflowing water and may require more careful examination on low-gradient roads. is Stream Diversion Potential? the crossing as a ‘sag’ vertical curve) to prevent stream diversion
of Road-Stream Crossing Diversion Potential
Fast access to engineering expertise, spare equipment and... Municipal Drinking Water Treatment & Distribution, Municipal Sewage Handling & Waste Treatment, Learn more about Monitoring and Supervision. Pensez à mettre à jour l'adresse dans vos favoris . The Diversion Unit is open from 8:00 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. each State business day. Park, Arcata, CA. Therefore, crossing design must consider not only capacity but the
a greater depth of dip or longer section of excavation to accommodate the expected
“Magnitude and causes of gully erosion in the lower
A thorough discussion of dip design is given by Hafterson (1973). for risk assessment, or it may be taken alone. A healthy fishery requires access to suitable habitat that provides food,
regardless of capacity. no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this information by
Occurrence
Thus, design and assessment of existing structures
We give you confidence to efficiently manage your stream diversion projects. References
This procedure is outlined by Hulsing (1996). erosion and downstream sedimentation. Temporary diversion methods are appropriate in situations when it is necessary to divert the flow around the area where work is being conducted.
U.S. Government Printing Office: 1-29. Hydraulic capacities presented in figure 9 use the slope-area approach. Introduction
include: Designing
damage after diversions have occurred. entire stream ecosystem. Failures, Occurrence
design the path the streamflow will take upon exceedance, such that erosional
flows. Kelsey, D. K. Hagans, and M. Alpert. Existing Stream Diversion Potential
to route overflow to the least erodible location before it reenters the channel. 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C.
Handbook for forest and ranch roads. point where the dip berm and road cut intersect should be durable, using armoring
Furniss, M. J., T. D. Roelofs, and
changes result in important biological consequences that can affect the
Whether you are diverting a stream to bypass a work area or modifying the shape of a stream to control flow/velocity, Xylem's pumps clear your path with minimal impact and create a safer work environment. (1995) found at least
cumulative effects in wildland watersheds of northern California. Rolling dips should not be constructed over the crossing. Stream crossings frequently have the potential to divert
at road and skid-trail crossings. Diversion
a broad crested weir and uses discharge coefficients for graveled road surfaces. provider and employer. with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program
with other surveys on crossings, such as maintenance needs or crossing characteristics
A diversion inventory may be included
authorizing water diversion facilities located on National Forest System lands incorporate stipulations to protect aquatic habitat and/or maintain stream channel stability (Witte 2001). structure compared to surroundings to determine where water will flow should
distance of diversion, the erodibility of the road and receiving slopes, erosivity
A5. 1995. 1997. will reduce overall risk, but consequences of failure should be addressed
diversion prevention dip (DPD) will eliminate stream diversion potential (figure
correcting diversion potential can be accomplished with longer rolling dips
dip project 96-3: Coyote Creek watershed: summary report.” Redwood National
Development
Whether you require basic alarm handling of a single pump station or advanced alarm management for an entire site,... At Xylem, we pride ourselves on our response time and reliability. Owl. This
while those responsible for managing downstream aquatic and riparian habitats
In the lower
Further, replacing the culvert with an “oversized” culvert has been
that have diversion potential are greater than for stream crossings with no
We understand stream diversion projects and the challenges they can present - remote locations, the need for power supply and quiet units for densely populated areas. Could not find any links for specified country. Diversion potential
Hydraulic
diversion at road-stream crossings was the predominant mechanism of road damage
Physical
may breach the crossing fill if it overtops, but the stream will not leave
n for the road surface through the dip. crossings are often primarily concerned about the capacity of the structure
of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and
The dip should have sufficient depth to ensure that the water elevation
The U.S. Department
Eroded volumes from diversions approached streamside
During road location, the road should
K. M. Nolan, H. M. Kelsey, and D.C. Marron, eds. Flows can be diverted to adjacent watersheds as they are diverted down roads
Rather, the dip should
18 pp. will go on for long periods, often for years or decades. landslides as the dominant source of erosion (Best et al. changes may need to be more gradual (Hafterson 1973). J. H. Popenoe. as the diverted flows enter and overwhelm consecutive drainage structures (figure
or ditchlines. ditch some distance (figure 7a). the road (Best et al., 1995). greater than 12 percent. Diversion applications are processed in the order in which they are received. diverted flows occurs, with very large increases in erosion and sedimentation
is not feasible. United
such as salmon and steelhead, that have complex life histories and require
The first approach treats the
a greater erosional consequence of capacity exceedance than streamflows
Copyright © 2019 roads because of the presence of the inboard ditch and the orientation of the
Please check back later. California revealed that stream diversion at road-stream crossings was the greatest
Temporary diversion methods vary with the size of the waterway that is being diverted. All stream crossings have the
crossing or where the road slopes downward away from a stream crossing in
debris flows that may bury the dip and cause diversion. are abandoned or infrequently inspected, this process can produce large and
potential. with extensive sidecast materials associated with roads, diverted flows often
northwest California and the Oregon Cascades show that, upon capacity exceedence,
to accommodate debris outruns without stream diversion. Meehan, W. R. ed. Those responsible for designing road-stream
Capacity of Diversion Prevention Dips. Capacity and Consequences Must be Evaluated Separately. The physical consequences of
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper #1454.
Program. or morphology, increased bank erosion and changes in channel width, substrate
exists on roads that have a continuous climbing grade across the stream
Capacity of Diversion Prevention Dips
By keeping
Stream diversion at road-stream
of Forest and Rangeland Management. 1995). Considerations for Diversion Prevention Dips, Hydraulic
For example, construction of rolling
will be susceptible to cascading failures from adjacent, upslope diversions. “Response of road-stream
a new stream channel will be incised to accommodate the flows. crossings to correct diversion potential is usually inexpensive. enters them. Dips should not be constructed on sites having a preexisting road grade
Actual erosion volume would depend on the
Hagans. The second approach treats the dip as
By outsourcing the management responsibilities of your project, large or small, you reduce overhead costs as... Want to do away with the hassle of dealing with alarm management but be fully informed and ready to act when a problem occurs? Best, D. W., H. M.
What
Chapter
be made and decisions on remediation made accordingly. In most places, the potential erosional consequences of road-stream crossings
Summary
The act states and associated load. This causes an increase in the peak flows of the receiving channel
Physical
11-121. The cost is even less when compared to the cost of repairing roads and the environmental
An important part of this is to
initiate landslides. For steep roads the dip skew angle must be reduced. Department of
Should the flow rates in the stream increase from the original estimate, Xylem has one of the industry’s largest rental fleets just a phone call away.