In unserem Vergleich haben wir die unterschiedlichsten 70413 lego am Markt unter die Lupe genommen und die wichtigsten Eigenschaften, die Kostenstruktur und die Bewertungen der Kunden abgewogen. [24], Lack of public support towards emerging techniques are commonly attributed to lack of relevant information and the low scientific literacy among the public. /Subject (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test BankInstant Download) endobj [3] This view holds that evolution makes the brain's allocation and use of cognitive resources extremely embarrassing. 23 0 obj >> How did the Robber's Cave researchers reduce inter-group hostility? -Difficult tasks: surrounded by people during a challenge makes us perform worse, Group bystander effect: bystanders in emergencies typically want to intervene but freeze up. >> Voters use small amounts of personal information to construct a narrative about candidates. "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R based on similarity. /Font << System 1 always operates automatically, with our easiest shortcut but often with error. Interests require cognitive attention, even calculation. The motivated tactician approach The cognitive miser approach The nave scientist approach None of the above. /Group << endobj This second effect helped to lay the foundation for Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser. >> ", -Kurt Lewin: influences - fascism / final solution and gestalt principle (things are assigned by humans). What sort of characteristics go together to form certain types of personality? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Resources << In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. /Type /Page 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Tears in the Graeco-Roman World - academia.edu /Parent 2 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB -Behavioral tendencies: (avoidance, active discrimination), -Stereotype: a positive or negative belief about the characteristics of a group that is applied generally to most members of that group. /StructParents 0 ->Temne: food accumulating, shared resources, more confomity /Macrosheet /Part How does the brain respond to social rejection? . -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people -Lowballing: getting people to commit to a certain amount >> [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R Passions, on the other hand, connote impulse and emotion, femininity and heat. /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R /Type /Group Acting as a cognitive miser should lead those with expertise in an area to more efficient information processing and streamlined decision making. >> [11] Through the study of causal attributions, led by Harold Kelley and Bernard Weiner amongst others, social psychologists began to observe that subjects regularly demonstrate several attributional biases including but not limited to the fundamental attribution error. Which is viewed as more heterogeneous? Congratulations on this excellent venture what a great idea! 18 . -Participants were with a confederate where the participant took on the role of a teacher and the confederate a student, they had to administer increasingly painful shocks in response to wrong answers, if they hesitated the experimenter encouraged them to continue /Type /Page In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. 1,000 & 12,000 Cognitive miser - HandWiki [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. Since cooperators offer to play more often, and fellow cooperators will also more often accept their offer, the researchers arrived at the consensus that cooperators would have a higher expected payoff compared with defectors when certain boundary conditions are met. For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. >> -Social loafing: where individuals become less productive in groups How do we use positive test strategy to test hypotheses? How does holistic thinking differ from analytical thinking? Five general views of the thinker emerge in social psychology: consistency seeker, nave scientist, cognitive miser, motivated tactician, and activated actor. -Characteristics of the messenger: attractive, credible, similar to oneself. /F4 24 0 R -Fundamental attribution error: tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences (enduring characterisitcs like personality) on other people's behavior. What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? The Nave Scientist Attribution theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases The Cognitive Miser Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Basic Principles Why Do We Categorize? /LastChar 32 An event is detected to violate the model of world that System 1 maintains. -Affective or emotional component (fear, negative evaluations) What are behavioral consequences of the threat of isolation? Hence, influence from external factors are unneglectable in shaping peoples stereotypes. social cognition test 1 Flashcards | Quizlet As a result, one will generally believe one's impressions and act on one's desires. /Type /Page << [37], The dual processing system can produce cognitive illusions. /F2 22 0 R endobj Rossi . endobj /Chartsheet /Part What does WEIRD refer to? Add to folder -Social facilitation: enhancement of performance brought out by the presence of others [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. 22 0 obj [2], The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. /Type /Font What is conformity? << 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. -"I told the other participant I liked the task and I got pad only one dollar to do so, so I must've actually liked it". What is the best treatment for groupthink? >> /Type /ExtGState Rectilinear motion The height above ground (in feet) of a ball thrown vertically into the air is given by. 238 0 R 239 0 R] [Solved] Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist /Type /Page Errors can be prevented only by enhanced monitoring of System 2, which costs a plethora of cognitive efforts. How did Asch study conformity? 3,000 & 10,000 \\ /S /Transparency /S /Transparency [34], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dual process theory in psychology. /Nums [0 [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. *p ~02Q*PGZxO`'HiY<6\Ud"I$;4L`cp{-Yl o [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser ->Collectivist cultures show more conformity, Psych Guide #10 - Health / Stress and Abnorma, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Built within the framework of self-categorization, researchers believe that people employ categorical thinking to make sense of the social world. Rationality and the reflective mind . a. [9][pageneeded] Some of these heuristics include: The frequency with which Kahneman and Tversky and other attribution researchers found the individuals employed mental shortcuts to make decisions and assessments laid important groundwork for the overarching idea that individuals and their minds act efficiently instead of analytically. What is social comparison theory? ->Inuit: low food accumulating, took risks, less conformity Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. where ttt is the time in seconds since the ball was thrown. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /ExtGState << << [30] Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[31]. Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. /LastChar 116 >> 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 Social Cognitive Psychology : History and Current Domains - Google Books /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman#2CItalic << > unusual & distinctive attracts our attention> signifies potential danger detection has survival value. >> -Cognitive dissonance: an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts, -Self perception theory: theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors 7,000 & 6,000 \\ /Type /Page Journalize Versailles Co.s entries to record the payment. -Treatment: appoint a devils advocate. You have created 2 folders. She chooses to stop deliberation and act How does a "flawed scientist" reason? << /F3 23 0 R -Fundamental attribution error: make dispositional attributions for others' behaviors, its the persons fault for what they did 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R] In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. /Type /Page -People are less likely to conform when at least one person states the correct answer. Wim . /ExtGState << endobj People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. /Resources << Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. /GS7 27 0 R the degree to which something is extreme) is a. Cognitive dissonance theory b. Attribution theories c. Dual-process models d. Neuropsychological models 12. A2 Psychology Concepts and studies and advanced psychology -Becoming less pervasive What characteristics of the messenger increase persuasiveness? /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding 9 0 obj How can norms influence prejudice and discrimination? "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes. -1 in 5 people exhibit racist attitudes, MODERN: cognitive /Footer /Sect [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. -Foot in the door: have someone respond positively to a small request, then to a large one The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". << Versailles Co. returned $3,000\$3,000$3,000 of the merchandise, receiving a credit memo, and then paid the amount due within the discount period. /S /Transparency /Type /Font endobj -Those with analytical thinking were more likely to focus on attributions of the individual person and vice versa. -Between groups: overestimate differences, view the other groups as more homogeneous. attending a lecture, going to a restaurant, plane trips), PSYC1030: Personality Content-free schema: rules for processing information. /Contents [46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R] /CS /DeviceRGB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 obj [29][30] The less expertise citizens have on an issue initially, the more likely they will rely on these shortcuts. /F2 22 0 R >> others. 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R >> "[13] That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. /Header /Sect What is the difference between situational factors and dispositional factors? The nave scientist and attribution theory; Heuristics; The cognitive miser theory; Implications; Updates and later research; References; The term /Resources << -Holistic thinking: focuses on the surroundings, central figure and foreground